bikinikeron.blogg.se

Too many people have tried to carve their initials into the stones: access has had to be limited just for safeguarding. The path takes us around the stones but getting in among the stones is only for the privileged few, and strictly outside of normal opening hours. But the many tourists are captivated, pointing out detail to each other in a variety of languages, or posing for a selfie with the ancient stones.

Obviously, the British of 4000 years ago, just as their modern counterparts, did not believe in either building standards or maintenance. Especially the innermost area is a jumble of fallen stones. Over time (lots of it), many of the stones have fallen and what now remains is an irregular echo of the original. The massive stone ring stands in sharp contrast against the surrounding fields. This earthquake was one of the major earthquakes to give various scientific data of earthquake-induced landslides in such an area earthquakes that induced distributed landslides in the past decade or so include the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan, the 1995 Hygoken-nanbu earthquake in Japan, the 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in the USA.

This earthquake occurred in an area with many previous landslides, and thus the area still has unstable or metastable landslide mass. Thirty-three more people died later because of diseases induced by the earthquake or by the aftershocks that occurred up to March 22nd, 2005. Thirteen people were killed in the earthquake, six by landslides.

The 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake (Japan Meteorological Agency JMA), which occurred on October 23rd, 2004 in Niigata Prefecture, central Japan, induced a large number of landslides, causing severe damage and isolating villages in the epicentral mountainous areas. Keywords: Chuetsu Earthquake Landslides Rockslide-avalanche Geomorphology 1. Gentle valley bottom sediments were mobilized in many locations, probably because they were saturated and partial liquefaction had occurred due to the earthquake shaking. One rockslide-avalanche occurred on a slope where buckling deformation preceded the earthquake. New landslides (rockslide-avalanches) occurred with the sliding surfaces in a several-cm thick tuff interbedded in siltstone. Sliding surfaces along the slope-parallel oxidation front were formed in the area of black mudstone. Planar bedding–parallel sliding surfaces were formed at the boundary between the overlying permeable sandstone and underlying siltstone or along the bedding planes of alternating beds of sandstone and siltstone. In addition, planar sliding surfaces seem to be essential for the generation of catastrophic landslides triggered by this earthquake. A field investigation and the interpretation of aerial photographs taken before and after the earthquake suggest that reactivation of existing landslides and undercutting of slopes are the most important factors for deep landslides to be triggered by earthquakes.

The Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake also triggered more than one hundred deep landslides, providing valuable information on the conditions for their occurrence. The most common landslides were shallow disrupted landslides on steep slopes, which has been common in many previous disastrous earthquakes in the world. Engineering Geology 82 (2006) 202–221 Geological and geomorphological characteristics of landslides triggered by the 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake in Japan Masahiro Chigira a, *, Hiroshi Yagi b a Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan b Yamagata University 1-4-1 Koshirakawa, Yamagata 990-8560, Japan Received 16 June 2005 received in revised form 14 October 2005 accepted 26 October 2005 Available online 27 December 2005 Abstract The 2004 Mid Niigta prefecture earthquake (M JMA 6.8) triggered more than one thousand landslides in the Miocene to Quaternary sedimentary rocks in Japan.